Gladiators Read online

  113, 126

  Campus Martius, Rome 40, 42, 49,

  gallus (‘Gaul’) 22, 88–9

  51, 119

  gladiatrix (female gladiator) 49, 88,

  Cicero, orator 17, 35–6, 37, 84, 91,

  114–16

  101, 112, 113, 126–7, 134, 143,

  145, 147–8

  Hadrian, emperor 54–5, 56

  Claudius, emperor 17, 48–9

  hoplomachus (‘heavily armed fighter’)

  Colosseum (Flavian amphitheatre),

  35, 73, 119

  Rome 49, 51, 52, 58, 64,

  104–7, 108, 123, 154

  laquearius (‘ceiling-maker’) 79, 89

  Commodus, emperor 55, 56–9, 96,

  Livy, writer 15, 17, 18, 19, 20,

  97, 114, 131, 145, 146

  21, 23

  Constantine, emperor 108, 148–9,

  151

  Marcus Aurelius, emperor 55–6,

  Cyprian, Christian writer 85,

  114, 129, 131, 135

  121, 133

  murmillo (‘little fish’) 32, 35, 37, 51,

  158 | GlaDiators

  75, 79, 85, 89–90, 94, 114, 119,

  84, 85, 89–90, 91–4, 96–7, 98,

  136, 144, 149

  119, 120, 125, 126, 135, 136,

  149, 154

  naumachia (mock naval battle) 11,

  39–40, 42–3, 48, 49–50, 53

  sagittarius (‘archer’) 95, 150

  Nero, emperor 42, 49–50, 53, 58,

  samnis (‘Samnite’) 25, 95

  104, 116, 124

  scaeva (left-handed gladiator) 96

  secutor (‘pursuer’) 56, 57, 75, 79, 82,

  paegnarius (‘play fighter’) 11, 90,

  84, 90, 93, 94, 96–7, 98, 120,

  92, 134

  126, 138, 144, 149

  Petronius, writer 9, 116–17,

  Seneca, statesman 112, 116–17,

  120, 122

  124–5, 136, 149

  Pliny the Elder, writer 23–4, 29,

  Septimius Severus, emperor 59, 116

  36–7, 38, 102, 144

  Spartacus 30–4, 64

  Plutarch, writer 26, 29, 31, 38,

  Suetonius, writer, 17, 47, 50, 126

  51, 123

  pollice verso (gesture) 127–8

  Tacitus, historian 44–7, 86–7, 113,

  Pollice Verso (painting) 66, 67

  116, 140

  Pompeii 17, 32–3, 41, 52, 66, 70,

  Tiberius, emperor 44–5, 46, 47,

  72, 75–6, 78, 80, 82, 91, 96,

  102, 133

  99, 102, 103, 110, 112–13, 122, Titus, emperor 51, 106

  123, 129, 136–7, 138, 139,

  thracian, thra(e)x (‘Thracian’) 10, 18,

  139–40, 143

  30, 35, 37, 47, 53, 56, 70, 71,

  Pompey the Great 30, 35, 36–8, 61

  75, 77, 82, 83, 85, 89, 97, 119,

  pontarius (‘bridge fighter’) 83, 90–1,

  120, 125, 133, 136

  94, 95, 99, 144

  Trajan, emperor 52, 53, 54

  provocator (‘challenger’) 32, 34,

  77, 91

  veles (‘lightly armed’) 38, 98

  venator (‘hunter’) 10, 39, 73, 85,

  retiarius (‘net fighter’) 10, 13, 48,

  98–9, 112, 124

  56, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 80, 82,

  Vespasian, emperor 50, 51, 106

  iNDex | 159

  Document Outline

  Frontcover

  Title

  Copyright

  Contents

  Timeline

  Technical glossary

  Chapter 1 Introduction

  Chapter 2 Origins

  Chapter 3 Rise of the gladiators

  Chapter 4 At the peak

  Chapter 5 Hardware and venues

  Chapter 6 Life as a gladiator

  Chapter 7 The end of the gladiators

  Sources

  Note on Translations

  Index